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The Zero Trust security concept is getting ready to celebrate its 10th anniversary next year. First introduced and formalized in 2009 by Forrester analyst John Kingervag, it became quite a paradigm shift for security practitioners worldwide by declaring all users, regardless whether they were internal or external, as untrusted by default. Its introduction was quite timely, as enterprises large and small were dealing with challenges of expanding work-from-home initiatives and consumerization of IT, largely due to Apple’s amazing success with the iPhone as BYOD device that was quickly displacing Blackberry, as well as growing popularity of Macs, which were typically not on the list of corporate-procured compute devices. The growth of remote access solutions was also expanding, with SSL VPN approach dominating and overshadowing inconveniences of the traditional stalwart of the IPSEC variants, and users were trying to “attack” the entrance to the corporate applications from all angles.
However, while traditionally that shiny new Mac or iPhone was gated by a VPN device for occasional external access to internally-hosted applications, the rapidly expanding BYOD wave meant that those employee-owned devices ended up within the company perimeter, on a company Wi-Fi (or even wired access), attenuating the traditional “castle and the moat” defense perimeter that enterprises have built over years. The Zero Trust model called for not only distrusting any user as the insider based on their network location, but also taking into account their identity, endpoint posture, and least privilege concept in granting access to the application.
So, what does it take to implement this model in today’s “cloudy” world? For starters, we often hear about the Zero Trust concept from the Identity and Access Management vendors. However, many vendors that own the user identity don’t own the access path to the applications. Companies like Okta, Microsoft, Duo, Centrify, and Ping focus on providing as much context as possible about the user and their endpoint in order to achieve most relevant scope for authentication and authorization to comply with the Zero Trust access concept. That comprises the first key pillar to achieving compliance with Zero Trust model. A second key pillar of the Zero Trust model envisions a network segmentation gateway. In the words of Kindervag, its “like firewall or UTM on steroids. It does firewall, IPS, DLP, content filtering, and encryption with a 10G interface that separates the switching fabric of each function.”
Kindervag now works for Palo Alto Networks, who, as a leader in the Next-Generation Firewall market, embraced and capitalized on the Zero Trust security model both in its marketing and practical approach of providing customers with both app