Retour 
Today, in the heart of London, I caught sight of a screen on platform four at Vauxhall train station. On it was displayed a busy illustration of the marvels of modern transportation: trains moving seamlessly across multiple lines; their positions, destinations, and tracks all displaying tightly orchestrated precision in real-time. It was a compelling depiction of the complexity of a public rail system on a small island–a tightly woven network where data integrity is paramount.
At the core of these systems are Internet of Things (IoT) devices–the trains themselves. These trains–or at least their digital shadows–are monitored and potentially even controlled by external applications, likely residing on cloud platforms such as AWS, Azure, or GCP. Unlike the vast majority IoT devices, these trains have the colossal responsibility of transporting hundreds of thousands of human lives across the country, and it is this human risk factor that serves to highlight the delicate and complex task of ensuring that the data exchanged between these IoT devices and cloud-based command centers remains uncorrupted, and retains its integrity.
Data integrity in public rail systems is not just about the accuracy of train locations or schedules; it’s about safety, reliability, and public trust. A single glitch in data can lead to misrouted trains, delays, or, in the worst case, accidents. It seems obvious therefore that protecting this data from corruption, unauthorized access, or manipulation is of utmost importance.
This is where those professionals who are in charge of the cybersecurity and infrastructure come into play, tasked with safeguarding the data lifeblood that powers these essential transportation links. And the ability (and indeed agility) to identify and address vulnerabilities or misconfigurations in cloud-based software and systems is crucial. Because let’s face it, today our IT networks are often really just software, even if we give them the grand title of “Digital Infrastructure.”
The more I pondered the risk factors faced by a rail service provider (and I’d boarded my train to Leatherhead at this point so I had plenty of time to think) the more complexity I found. Rail networks (at least in the UK) are vast, with various rail companies and rail networks trying to work together. Every point of integration increases their vulnerability and the rapid detection and mitigation of vulnerabilities is key to maintaining the system’s integrity.
Now, the example of the modern rail system serves as a compelling case study, but it’s crucial to recognize that the principles of modern cybersecurity apply equally across all sectors of national critical infrastructure. This includes energy, water, health services, and telecommunications, and each of these sectors relies on a complex Operational Technology (OT) ecosystem, whether it be smart energy grid control systems, water pump controllers, or medical imaging devices. All these are now connecting to software, more often than not controlled in the cloud.
Like the rail system, these infrastructures are vital to the population of the nation’s well-being and security, underscoring the need for rigorous cybersecurity measures.
The integration of advanced technologies into these critical sectors brings immense benefits, but it also exposes them to sophisticated cyber threats. Ensuring data integrity, rapidly addressing vulnerabilities, and implementing micro-segmentation are strategies that must be universally adopted through zero trust principles. The goal is to create a resilient infrastructure that can withstand and quickly recover from any cyber incident, thereby safeguarding public safety and national security.
In order to take on this monumental task, we can start with looking in a number of key areas:
1. Understanding and mitigating risks in critical national infrastructure
The security of critical national infrastructure (CNI) spans various sectors, each vital to the nation’s safety, operations, and economy. The potential impact of compromised systems or infrastructure can range from safety concerns to operational disruptions, financial losses, and legal ramifications. Assessing the risk involves evaluating the threat actor’s capability and intent against existing defenses and security controls. This assessment considers potential vulnerabilities such as undeleted user accounts, a