L’avenir du Zero Trust et du SASE, c’est maintenant ! Regarder à la demande

fermer
fermer
  • Pourquoi Netskope signe chevron

    Changer la façon dont le réseau et la sécurité fonctionnent ensemble.

  • Nos clients signe chevron

    Netskope sert plus de 3 000 clients dans le monde entier, dont plus de 25 entreprises du classement Fortune 100

  • Nos partenaires signe chevron

    Nous collaborons avec des leaders de la sécurité pour vous aider à sécuriser votre transition vers le cloud.

Meilleure capacité d'exécution. Le plus loin dans sa vision.

Netskope nommé leader dans le rapport Magic Quadrant™️ 2023 pour SSE de Gartner®.

Recevoir le rapport
Netskope nommé leader dans le rapport Magic Quadrant™️ 2023 pour SSE de Gartner®.
Nous parons nos clients à l'avenir, quel qu'il soit

See our customers
Woman smiling with glasses looking out window
La stratégie de commercialisation de Netskope privilégie ses partenaires, ce qui leur permet de maximiser leur croissance et leur rentabilité, tout en transformant la sécurité des entreprises.

En savoir plus sur les partenaires de Netskope
Group of diverse young professionals smiling
Votre réseau de demain

Planifiez votre chemin vers un réseau plus rapide, plus sûr et plus résilient, conçu pour les applications et les utilisateurs que vous prenez en charge.

Obtenir le livre blanc
Votre réseau de demain
Introducing the Netskope One Platform

Netskope One is a cloud-native platform that offers converged security and networking services to enable your SASE and zero trust transformation.

En savoir plus sur Netskope One
Abstract with blue lighting
Adopter une architecture SASE (Secure Access Service Edge)

Netskope NewEdge est le nuage privé de sécurité le plus grand et le plus performant au monde. Il offre aux clients une couverture de service, des performances et une résilience inégalées.

Découvrez NewEdge
NewEdge
Netskope Cloud Exchange

Le Netskope Cloud Exchange (CE) fournit aux clients des outils d'intégration puissants pour optimiser les investissements dans l'ensemble de leur infrastructure de sécurité.

En savoir plus sur Cloud Exchange
Vidéo Netskope
La plateforme du futur est Netskope

Intelligent Security Service Edge (SSE), Cloud Access Security Broker (CASB), Cloud Firewall, Next Generation Secure Web Gateway (SWG), et Private Access for ZTNA intégrés nativement dans une solution unique pour aider chaque entreprise dans son cheminement vers l'architecture Secure Access Service Edge (SASE).

Présentation des produits
Vidéo Netskope
Next Gen SASE Branch est hybride - connectée, sécurisée et automatisée

Netskope Next Gen SASE Branch fait converger Context-Aware SASE Fabric, Zero-Trust Hybrid Security et SkopeAI-Powered Cloud Orchestrator dans une offre cloud unifiée, ouvrant la voie à une expérience de succursale entièrement modernisée pour l'entreprise sans frontières.

En savoir plus Next Gen SASE Branch
Personnes au bureau de l'espace ouvert
La conception d'une architecture SASE pour les nuls

Obtenez votre exemplaire gratuit du seul guide consacré à la conception d'une architecture SASE dont vous aurez jamais besoin.

Obtenir l'EBook
Optez pour les meilleurs services de sécurité cloud du marché, avec un temps de latence minimum et une fiabilité élevée.

Découvrez NewEdge
Lighted highway through mountainside switchbacks
Permettez en toute sécurité l'utilisation d'applications d'IA générative grâce au contrôle d'accès aux applications, à l'accompagnement des utilisateurs en temps réel et à une protection des données de premier ordre.

Découvrez comment nous sécurisons l'utilisation de l'IA générative
Autorisez ChatGPT et l’IA générative en toute sécurité
Solutions Zero Trust pour les déploiements du SSE et du SASE

En savoir plus sur la confiance zéro
Boat driving through open sea
Netskope obtient l'autorisation FedRAMP High Authorization

Choisissez Netskope GovCloud pour accélérer la transformation de votre agence.

En savoir plus sur Netskope GovCloud
Netskope GovCloud
  • Ressources signe chevron

    Découvrez comment Netskope peut vous aider à sécuriser votre migration vers le Cloud.

  • Blog signe chevron

    Learn how Netskope enables security and networking transformation through security service edge (SSE)

  • Events and Workshops signe chevron

    Restez à l'affût des dernières tendances en matière de sécurité et créez des liens avec vos pairs.

  • Définition de la sécurité signe chevron

    Tout ce que vous devez savoir dans notre encyclopédie de la cybersécurité.

Podcast Security Visionaries

Élections, désinformation et sécurité
Cet épisode se penche sur les aspects de la sécurité électorale liés à l'inscription des électeurs et aux contrôles physiques dans les bureaux de vote.

Écouter le podcast
Blog : Élections, désinformation et sécurité
Derniers blogs

Read how Netskope can enable the Zero Trust and SASE journey through security service edge (SSE) capabilities.

Lire le blog
Sunrise and cloudy sky
SASE Week 2023 : Votre voyage SASE commence maintenant !

Retrouvez les sessions de la quatrième édition annuelle de SASE Week.

Explorer les sessions
SASE Week 2023
Qu'est-ce que le Security Service Edge ?

Découvrez le côté sécurité de SASE, l'avenir du réseau et de la protection dans le cloud.

En savoir plus sur Security Service Edge
Four-way roundabout
  • Entreprise signe chevron

    Nous vous aidons à conserver une longueur d'avance sur les défis posés par le cloud, les données et les réseaux en matière de sécurité.

  • Équipe de direction signe chevron

    Nos dirigeants sont déterminés à faciliter la réussite de nos clients.

  • Solutions pour les clients signe chevron

    Nous sommes là pour vous et avec vous à chaque étape, pour assurer votre succès avec Netskope.

  • Formation et certification signe chevron

    Avec Netskope, devenez un expert de la sécurité du cloud.

Soutenir le développement durable par la sécurité des données

Netskope est fière de participer à Vision 2045 : une initiative visant à sensibiliser au rôle de l'industrie privée dans le développement durable.

En savoir plus
Soutenir le développement durable grâce à la sécurité des données
Penseurs, concepteurs, rêveurs, innovateurs. Ensemble, nous fournissons le nec plus ultra des solutions de sécurité cloud afin d'aider nos clients à protéger leurs données et leurs collaborateurs.

Rencontrez notre équipe
Group of hikers scaling a snowy mountain
L’équipe de services professionnels talentueuse et expérimentée de Netskope propose une approche prescriptive pour une mise en œuvre réussie.

En savoir plus sur les services professionnels
Services professionnels Netskope
Sécurisez votre parcours de transformation numérique et tirez le meilleur parti de vos applications cloud, Web et privées grâce à la formation Netskope.

En savoir plus sur les formations et les certifications
Group of young professionals working

A Malicious Sight in Google Sites

Apr 23 2019
Tags
google
Google sites
LoadPCBanker

Netskope Threat Research Labs discovered an interesting drive-by download attack in Google. The threat actor involved in this attack initially deployed a Banking Trojan using the file cabinets template in Google sites as a delivery vehicle. The malware dubbed “LoadPCBanker” used SQL as an exfiltration channel to send the compromised victim data to the server.

There are two aspects of this attack that are noteworthy:

  1. First, users place an implicit trust to vendors like Google. As a result, they are more likely to fall victim to an attack launched from within a Google service.
  2. Second, whereas other services like Gmail block some malicious file uploads, Google File Cabinet does not appear to have any such protections.

This post describes our discovery and analysis of the attack and the malware payload. We will also conclude with some recommendations to help protect and remediate such threats.

Netskope Detection

Netskope Advanced Threat Protection detects the malware associated with this attack as Win32.LoadPCBanker.Gen.

Netskope customers can also create a policy to generically block all uploads and downloads from Google sites as shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1: Block policy for upload and download activity in Google Sites

Disclosure

Netskope reported the associated Google sites hosting malware using the report abuse option to Google on 12 April 2019.

Malware hosted Google Sites

We originally found the malware being delivered from the following Google Sites URL:https://sites.google[.]com/site/detailsreservations/Reserva-Manoel_pdf.rar?attredirects=0&d=1.

The files are being hosted using the classic Google Sites. Using the ‘Recent site activity’ option on the site containing the file, we found out there were two files resident at the top level, as shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2: Reserva-Manoel_pdf.rar at the top level in the Google Sites

The threat actor used classic Google sites to create a website, then used the file cabinet template to upload the payload, and finally sent the resulting URL to the potential targets. A visual depiction of this process is shown in Figure 3.

Figure 3: Depiction of the delivery mechanism of the malware using Google sites

Attack Kill chain

The depiction of the attack kill chain of the LoadPCBanker malware is shown in Figure 4. It begins with a first-stage parent downloader, which downloads the next stage payloads from a file hosting website. The next stage payloads collect screenshots, clipboard data, and keystrokes from the victim.  Finally, it uses SQL, an exfiltration channel to send the victim data to the server.

Figure 4: Attack Kill chain of LoadPCBanker

Analysis of LoadPCBanker

The downloaded RAR archive “Reserva-Manoel_pdf.rar” contained an executable ”PDF Reservations Details MANOEL CARVALHO hospedagem familiar detalhes PDF.exe”. The filename translates to “PDF Reservations Details MANOEL CARVALHO guest house details PDF.exe” from Portuguese to English, indicating to be likely targeting Brazil or Portuguese speaking users.

The malicious executable compiled in Delphi uses a PDF document icon disguise as shown in Figure 5.

Figure 5: PDF icon used in the executable

This sample primarily works as a downloader to download the next stage payloads. On execution, a hidden folder named ‘clientpc’ is created in the C drive. Then, the next-stage payloads libmySQL50.DLL, otlook.exe, and cliente.dll are downloaded to this same location from a file hosting website, kinghost[.]net, using the URL drivemailcompartilhamentoanexos[.]kinghost.net, as shown in Figure 6.

Figure 6: Next stage payloads downloaded from drivemailcompartilhamentoanexos[.]kinghost.net

While Otlook.exe and cliente.dll are malicious files, libmySQL50.DL is a library of mysql. The threat actor used libmySQL50.DLL as a to send the victim data to the server. Next, otlook.exe is executed. The downloader deletes all its download URLs from the system’s WinINet cache as shown in Figure 7.

Figure 7: Delete URL cache

Once this is done, the malware further connects to the URL hosted in zzz.com[.]ua to notify the victim has been infected with the malware, as shown in Figure 8.

Figure 8: Connection to  zzz.com[.]ua

Analysis of the Next Stage Payloads

Otlook.exe is a delphi compiled executable that loads libmySQL50.DLL and cliente.dll during execution, as shown in Figure 9.

Figure 9: Otlook.exe loading libmySQL50.DLL and cliente.dll during execution

Otlook.exe functions primarily as spyware, doing the following:

  • Records screenshots and saves as saves the file name as screen<number>.jpg in the location “C:\clientpc” (using API’s GetDesktopWindow, GetDC)
  • Records the clipboard data in the location “C:\clientpc\capctrl.txt” (using the API GetClipboardData)
  • Records all the keystrokes in the location “C:\clientpc\relatorio.log” (using the API GetAsyncKeyState)
  • Similar to the first stage downloader, delets all its download URLs from the WinINet cache.

Otlook.exe downloads a file named “dblog.log” from the URL http://www.albumdepremios.com[.]br/hostmeu with the User-Agent: Otlook as shown in Figure 10.

Figure 10: dblog.log downloaded from http://www.albumdepremios.com[.]br/hostmeu

It contains the external SQL database server credentials in an encoded format. This is decoded in the decryption loop present in otlook.exe as shown in Figure 11.

Figure 11: Decryption loop for dblog.log

The decoded values contain the credentials of the server,user_name, password, port, and database to exfiltrate the victim details to the SQL server as shown in Figure 12.

Figure 12:  SQL database credentials

An export of the SQL C2 exfiltration is shown in Figure 13.

Figure 13: SQL exfiltration

Otlook.exe also downloaded two cfg files named cliente.cfg and filtro.cfg from the URL http://www.albumdepremios[.]com.br/heisen to the location “C:\clientpc”. The cfg files contained the configuration details like DNS, port, log, ID and filter for the connection. We also observed that the attacker constantly rotated the database credentials by updating the dblog.log file.

The SQL database contained a database and two tables in the server as shown in Figure 14.

Figure 14: SQL server database and tables

During our analysis, we identified that the threat actor was particularly interested in surveilling a specific set of machines and capturing screenshots of the victims’ machines that were compromised from this attack. We derived this because we noticed a lot of infected machine responses, but only a few were being actively surveilled. At the time of writing, the threat actor was actively monitoring 20 infected hosts.

Similar strains – Ties and connections

Using VirusTotal Passive DNS, we were able to identify similar samples communicating to the C2 – albumdepremios[.]com.br, as shown in Figure 15.

Figure 15: Passive DNS records of albumdepremios[.]com.br

We believe that similar malware has been around since early 2014, and this latest wave of attacks has been ongoing since February 2019, based on the passive DNS results and our in-house threat intelligence framework. It is possible that the same threat actor has been involved in these attacks, or the source code has been reused by multiple actors over this period.

As we continued our analysis on the similar strains, ties, and connections, we identified another Google sites URL created by the threat actor. The site activity is shown in Figure 16.

Figure 16: Similar malware hosted in Google sites

The modus operandi is the same but the first stage downloader URL’s have been updated as shown in Figure 17.

Figure 17: First stage downloader Urls updated

The Whois Record of the C2, albumpremios[.]com.br, is shown in Figure 18.

Figure 18: Whois Record of albumpremios[.]com.br

The Whois Record states the website was created in 2014 March and hosted in Brazil. Based on the details collected there is a high degree of confidence that the threat actor is targeting individuals from Brazil.

Conclusion

We identified Banking malware named “LoadPcBanker” delivered via Google sites, targeting individuals from Brazil, and using SQL as an exfiltration channel.

We also discovered the threat actor used the file cabinets template from classic Google sites to host malware, and that the uploads are not blocked by Google. Though the usage of Google Sites appears new, using our in-house systems, sample repositories, and Netskope Threat Intelligence Framework, we were able to trace the origins of this attack back to early 2014.

Netskope Threat Research Labs will continue to monitor the delivery mechanism and developments of the threat actor.

Credits: Thanks to Arun Prabhu Dhandapani for the assistance and inputs on the SQL server of the attacker.

Recommendations

Netskope recommends the following to combat malware campaigns:

  • Always check the domain of the link. Know the domains typically used when you log in to sensitive services. Additionally, be able to identify common object store domains. This knowledge will help you differentiate between well-crafted phishing/malware sites and official sites.
  • Deploy a real-time visibility and control solution to monitor activities across sanctioned and unsanctioned cloud accounts.
  • Get comprehensive threat and malware detection for IaaS, SaaS, PaaS, and the web with real-time, multi-layered threat detection and remediation to prevent your organization from unknowingly spreading similar threats.
  • Actively track usage of unsanctioned cloud apps and enforce DLP policies to control files and data entering and leaving your corporate environment
  • Create a security policy to block PE files with a different file-content type ”image/png” “image/jpg”
  • Warn users against opening untrusted attachments, regardless of their extensions or filenames.
  • Warn users to avoid executing any file unless they are very sure that they are benign, even if the file is delivered from appears to be something legitimate, like sites.google.com
  • Hover your mouse over all hyperlinks to confirm them before clicking on the link.
  • Enable Two-factor authentication for email accounts as a safety measure to prevent attackers from accessing the email account even if they know the password
  • Keep systems and antivirus updated with the latest releases and patches
author image
Ashwin Vamshi
Ashwin Vamshi is a Security Researcher with innate interest in targeted attacks and malwares using cloud services. He is primarily focusing in identifying new attack vectors and malwares, campaigns and threat actors using ‘cloud as an attack vector.’

Stay informed!

Subscribe for the latest from the Netskope Blog