¡Únase a nosotros en SASE Summit de Netskope, llegando a una ciudad cerca de usted! Regístrese ahora

  • Servicio de seguridad Productos Edge

    Protéjase contra las amenazas avanzadas y en la nube y salvaguarde los datos en todos los vectores.

  • Borderless SD-WAN

    Proporcione con confianza un acceso seguro y de alto rendimiento a cada usuario remoto, dispositivo, sitio y nube.

  • Plataforma

    Visibilidad inigualable y protección contra amenazas y datos en tiempo real en la nube privada de seguridad más grande del mundo.

La plataforma del futuro es Netskope

Intelligent Security Service Edge (SSE), Cloud Access Security Broker (CASB), Cloud Firewall, Next Generation Secure Web Gateway (SWG) y Private Access for ZTNA integrados de forma nativa en una única solución para ayudar a todas las empresas en su camino hacia el Servicio de acceso seguro Arquitectura perimetral (SASE).

Todos los productos
Vídeo de Netskope
Borderless SD-WAN: el comienzo de la nueva era de la empresa sin fronteras

Netskope Borderless SD-WAN offers an architecture that converges zero trust principles and assured application performance to provide unprecedented secure, high-performance connectivity for every site, cloud, remote user, and IoT device.

Read the article
Borderless SD-WAN
Netskope ofrece una estrategia de seguridad cloud moderna, con capacidades unificadas para los datos y protección frente a amenazas, además de un acceso privado seguro.

Explora nuestra plataforma
Vista aérea de una ciudad metropolitana
Cambie a los servicios de seguridad en la nube líderes del mercado con una latencia mínima y una alta fiabilidad.

Más información sobre NewEdge
Lighted highway through mountainside switchbacks
Habilite de forma segura el uso de aplicaciones de IA generativa con control de acceso a aplicaciones, capacitación de usuarios en tiempo real y la mejor protección de datos de su clase.

Descubra cómo aseguramos el uso generativo de IA
Safely Enable ChatGPT and Generative AI
Soluciones de confianza cero para implementaciones de SSE y SASE

Learn about Zero Trust
Boat driving through open sea
Netskope hace posible un proceso seguro, rápido y con inteligencia cloud para la adopción de los servicios en la nube, las aplicaciones y la infraestructura de nube pública.

Learn about Industry Solutions
Wind turbines along cliffside
  • Nuestros clientes

    Netskope da servicio a más de 2.000 clientes en todo el mundo, entre los que se encuentran más de 25 de las 100 empresas de Fortune

  • Soluciones para clientes

    Le apoyamos en cada paso del camino, garantizando su éxito con Netskope.

  • Formación y certificación

    La formación de Netskope le ayudará a convertirse en un experto en seguridad en la nube.

Ayudamos a nuestros clientes a estar preparados para cualquier situación

Ver nuestros clientes
Woman smiling with glasses looking out window
El talentoso y experimentado equipo de servicios profesionales de Netskope proporciona un enfoque prescriptivo para su exitosa implementación.

Learn about Professional Services
Servicios profesionales de Netskope
Asegure su viaje de transformación digital y aproveche al máximo sus aplicaciones en la nube, web y privadas con la capacitación de Netskope.

Learn about Training and Certifications
Group of young professionals working
  • Recursos

    Obtenga más información sobre cómo Netskope puede ayudarle a proteger su viaje hacia la nube.

  • Blog

    Descubra cómo Netskope permite la transformación de la seguridad y las redes a través del servicio de seguridad (SSE).

  • Eventos & Workshops

    Manténgase a la vanguardia de las últimas tendencias de seguridad y conéctese con sus pares.

  • Seguridad definida

    Todo lo que necesitas saber en nuestra enciclopedia de ciberseguridad.

Podcast Security Visionaries

Episodio de bonificación 2: El cuadrante mágico para SSE y obtener SASE correctamente
Mike y Steve analizan el Gartner® Magic Quadrant™ para Security Service Edge (SSE), el posicionamiento de Netskope y cómo el clima económico actual afectará el viaje de SASE.

Reproducir el pódcast
Episodio de bonificación 2: El cuadrante mágico para SSE y obtener SASE correctamente
Últimos blogs

Cómo Netskope puede habilitar el viaje de Zero Trust y SASE a través de las capacidades del borde del servicio de seguridad (SSE).

Lea el blog
Sunrise and cloudy sky
Gira mundial del día de inmersión en AWS de Netskope 2023

Netskope ha desarrollado una variedad de laboratorios prácticos, talleres, seminarios web detallados y demostraciones para educar y ayudar a los clientes de AWS en el uso y la implementación de los productos de Netskope.

Learn about AWS Immersion Day
Socio de AWS
¿Qué es Security Service Edge (SSE)?

Explore el lado de la seguridad de SASE, el futuro de la red y la protección en la nube.

Learn about Security Service Edge
Four-way roundabout
  • Empresa

    Le ayudamos a mantenerse a la vanguardia de los desafíos de seguridad de la nube, los datos y la red.

  • Por qué Netskope

    La transformación de la nube y el trabajo desde cualquier lugar han cambiado la forma en que debe funcionar la seguridad.

  • Liderazgo

    Nuestro equipo de liderazgo está firmemente comprometido a hacer todo lo necesario para que nuestros clientes tengan éxito.

  • Partners

    Nos asociamos con líderes en seguridad para ayudarlo a asegurar su viaje a la nube.

Apoyar la sostenibilidad a través de la seguridad de los datos

Netskope se enorgullece de participar en Vision 2045: una iniciativa destinada a crear conciencia sobre el papel de la industria privada en la sostenibilidad.

Descubra más
Supporting Sustainability Through Data Security
La más Alta en Ejecución. Más Avanzada en Visión.

Netskope ha sido reconocido como Líder en el Gartner® Magic Quadrant™ de 2023 en SSE.

Obtenga el informe
Netskope ha sido reconocido como Líder en el Gartner® Magic Quadrant™ de 2023 en SSE.
Pensadores, constructores, soñadores, innovadores. Juntos, ofrecemos soluciones de seguridad en la nube de vanguardia para ayudar a nuestros clientes a proteger sus datos y usuarios.

Conozca a nuestro equipo
Group of hikers scaling a snowy mountain
La estrategia de venta centrada en el partner de Netskope permite a nuestros canales maximizar su expansión y rentabilidad y, al mismo tiempo, transformar la seguridad de su empresa.

Learn about Netskope Partners
Group of diverse young professionals smiling

RedLine Stealer Campaign Using Binance Mystery Box Videos to Spread GitHub-Hosted Payload

May 12 2022

Resumen

RedLine Stealer is a malware that emerged in 2020, discovered in underground forums being sold in different plans, starting from $100 per month. The malware offers many capabilities for device reconnaissance, remote control, and information stealing, including:

  • Data from browsers (e.g. login, passwords, credit cards, cookies, etc.);
  • Data from Discord and Telegram (e.g. chat logs, tokens, etc.);
  • VPN and FTP Credentials;

Since its discovery, attackers have used many different vectors to spread this stealer, including through fake installers and fake game hacking tools. Also, RedLine Stealer was found in compromised devices by the DEV-0537 hacking group (a.k.a. lapsus$).

In April 2022, Netskope Threat Labs identified a new RedLine Stealer campaign spread on YouTube, using a fake bot to buy Mystery Box NFT from Binance. The video description leads the victim to download the fake bot, which is hosted on GitHub.

In this blog post, we will analyze this campaign, showing how it’s being spread and how the fake bot leads to RedLine Stealer.

YouTube Videos

The malware is spread through YouTube videos that lure victims into downloading a fake bot to automatically buy Binance NFT Mystery Boxes. At this point, we found five videos across multiple channels that are part of the same campaign. All the URLs can be found in our GitHub repository.

Screenshot of attacker spreading RedLine through YouTube video.
Attacker spreading RedLine through YouTube video.

The video description provides details and the download link for the fake bot, which is supposed to be presented as a Chrome extension.

Screenshot of video description with the link to download the fake bot.
Video description with the link to download the fake bot.

The video description also contains different tags, probably to increase its visibility, including:

binance, nft, bot, buy, mysterybox, box, busd, autobuy, cryptobot, binance, bitcoin, crypto trading bot, cryptocurrency, binance trading bot, binance trade bot, bitcoin trading bot, btc, bot, binance bot trading, nance grid trading, bnb, binance nft, bot for binance, binance trading tutorial

Stage 01 – Loader

All the videos we found are pointing to the same GitHub URL, downloading a file named “BinanceNFT.bot v.1.3.zip”.
Once we decompress the ZIP file, we have the packed RedLine sample (“BinanceNFT.bot v.1.3.exe”) and a Microsoft Visual C++ Redistributable installer (“VC_redist.x86.exe”).

Example of decompressed ZIP file downloaded from GitHub.
Decompressed ZIP file downloaded from GitHub.

The “README.txt” file contains the instructions that should be followed to run the fake NFT bot, including installing the Microsoft Visual C++. This is probably needed as RedLine is developed in .NET and it is also unpacked and injected into an executable from this framework.

Screenshot of Readme file.
Readme file.

The first stage was likely compiled on April 5, 2022, and it’s responsible for decrypting and loading RedLine Stealer into another process.

Screenshot of details of the packed RedLine Stealer sample.
Details of the packed RedLine Stealer sample.

The binary details also include values that seem to be copied from another executable, using “LauncherPatcher.exe” as the original filename.

Screenshot of further details about the first stage.
Further details about the first stage.

Many malware families use a trick to delay the execution of its functions, often to delay the execution inside sandboxes, which usually contain limited time of operation. As a result, there are sandboxes that are able to bypass this technique, by patching or hooking Sleep functions, for example. 

This RedLine Stealer loader contains a simple trick to evade sandboxes with such functionality. Upon execution, it tries to delay the execution by 15 seconds and compares the timestamp (GetTickCount) before and after the Sleep API execution. If the elapsed time is less than 15 seconds, it exits the process.

Example of trick to evade sandbox analysis.
Trick to evade sandbox analysis.

This can be tested by patching the Sleep function in a debugger.

Screenshot of RedLine loader exiting the process if the Sleep function is bypassed.
RedLine loader exiting the process if the Sleep function is bypassed.

If the sandbox is not detected through this simple trick, it then decrypts the next stage using a simple rolling XOR algorithm with “OdoAAtK” as the key.

Example of loader decrypting RedLine Stealer payload.
Loader decrypting RedLine Stealer payload.

Then, it executes a shellcode, which is decrypted using the same algorithm.

Example of loader decrypting and executing a shellcode.
Loader decrypting and executing a shellcode.

And finally, the payload is injected to “RegSvcs.exe” using a simple process injection technique, similar to RunPE. We also found cases where a similar loader injects RedLine Stealer into “AppLaunch.exe”, as we will describe later.

Screenshot of loader injecting unpacked RedLine Stealer into another process.
Loader injecting unpacked RedLine Stealer into another process.

Stage 02 – Payload

RedLine Stealer is developed in .NET, and the compilation timestamp was altered in the binary, showing a date from the year 2102. Formbook was also using altered timestamp dates in its payloads, which is a common behavior for malware authors to deceive analysts/researchers. 

Fortunately, RedLine Stealer uses a very nonsense date, which can be used for detection in Yara rules, for example.

Screenshot of RedLine Stealer payload details.
RedLine Stealer payload details.

Once executed, the infostealer calls a function named “Check”. If this function returns true, the malware exits its process.

Screenshot of RedLine Stealer “Check” function.
RedLine Stealer “Check” function.

In summary, this function verifies if the malware is running in blocklisted countries, by comparing the country name with the OS region information.

This malware does not execute if any of these countries is detected:

  • Armenia
  • Azerbaiyán
  • Bielorrusia
  • Kazajstán
  • Kirguizistán
  • Moldova
  • Russia
  • Tayikistán
  • Ucrania
  • Uzbekistán

We tested this by changing the OS language to Ukrainian. The malware uses the field “EnglishName” from the .NET RegionInfo Class to compare with the blocklist.

Example of RedLine Stealer exiting the process if a blocklisted country is found.
RedLine Stealer exits the process if a blocklisted country is found.

RedLine Stealer maintains a simple configuration, where the values are base64 encoded and encrypted with a rolling XOR algorithm.

Screenshot of RedLine Stealer configuration.
RedLine Stealer configuration.

The decryption key used by this sample is “Wombles”, and we can use a simple Python script to retrieve the C2 address value:

Screenshot of decrypting RedLine Stealer C2 address.
Decrypting RedLine Stealer C2 address.

The “ID” value also uses the same algorithm:

Screenshot of decrypting RedLine Stealer ID.
Decrypting RedLine Stealer ID.

As previously mentioned, RedLine Stealer offers many capabilities to the attacker, including stealing Discord tokens.

Screenshot of RedLine Stealer function that reads Discord tokens.
RedLine Stealer function that reads Discord tokens.

More Files From the Same Campaign

Looking at the GitHub account (“NFTSupp”) that owns the repository where the file linked on the YouTube videos is hosted, we can see that the activities started in March, 2022.

Screenshot of GitHub account and repository hosting RedLine Stealer.
GitHub account and repository hosting RedLine Stealer.

Aside from the files we analyzed in this blog post contained within “BinanceNFT.bot v.1.3.zip”, there are 15 additional compressed files hosted in the same repository (“NFTBOT”), where two of them are password protected (“45.rar” and “Upload.Openbot.rar”).

Example of compressed files within the same repository.
Compressed files within the same repository.

Within these compressed files, we found five distinct RedLine Stealer loaders.

Screenshot of different RedLine Stealer loaders in the same repository.
Different RedLine Stealer loaders in the same repository.

All five loaders we analyzed are slightly different, but they all unpack and inject RedLine Stealer in a similar way, as we described earlier in this analysis. The oldest sample we found was likely compiled on March 11, 2022 and the newest one on April 7, 2022.

Furthermore, two out of five files are digitally signed, which may bypass some antivirus engines. The first one seems to be using a signature from “NordVPN S.A.

Screenshot of RedLine Stealer digitally signed.
RedLine Stealer digitally signed.

And the second is signed for “EasyAntiCheat Oy”.

Screenshot of RedLine Stealer digitally signed.
RedLine Stealer digitally signed.

Also, one of the loaders is injecting the payload into “AppLaunch.exe” instead of “RegSvcs.exe”.

Screenshot of RedLine Stealer being injected into AppLaunch’ process.
RedLine Stealer being injected into AppLaunch process.

We found four distinct RedLine Stealer payloads from these five loaders, which are all sharing the same C2 address.

Conclusiones

Although RedLine Stealer is a low-cost malware, it offers many capabilities that could cause serious damage to its victims, such as the loss of sensitive data. RedLine Stealer was already known for abusing YouTube videos to spread through fake themes, however, we saw in this campaign that the attacker is also abusing GitHub in the attack flow, to host the payloads. 

Protección

Netskope Threat Labs is actively monitoring this campaign and has ensured coverage for all known threat indicators and payloads. 

  • Netskope Threat Protection
    • Win32.Trojan.RedLineStealer
  • Netskope Advanced Threat Protection provides proactive coverage against this threat.
    • Gen.Malware.Detect.By.StHeur indicates a sample that was detected using static analysis
    • Gen.Malware.Detect.By.Sandbox indicates a sample that was detected by our cloud sandbox

IOCs

All the IOCs related to this campaign and the Yara rules can be found in our GitHub repository.

author image
Gustavo Palazolo
Gustavo Palazolo is an expert in malware analysis, reverse engineering and security research, working many years in projects related to electronic fraud protection. He is currently working on the Netskope Research Team, discovering and analyzing new malware threats.