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Targeted Attack Campaigns with Multi-Variate Malware Observed in the Cloud

Mar 08 2017
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Netskope Threat Research Labs has observed ongoing targeted attacks in enterprise cloud environments that lead to a malware fan-out effect through automated syncing and sharing of files in the cloud. While monitoring this attack, we captured several instances where the synced filenames were similar to the email addresses of the attack victims. These attachments are often automatically synced to cloud storage applications using file collaboration settings in popular SaaS applications like Office365, Google mail etc. This auto-syncing feature can also be achieved through third party applications as well. Since the filenames appear less suspicious, they are more likely to be viewed as coming from within the organization (and therefore trusted) and shared with others in the same user group.

Figure 1 illustrates this effect in a cloud environment and how Netskope detects the attack patterns at various stages.

Figure 1: Infection propagation in the Cloud

The synced files were all zipped and contained obfuscated JavaScript. Over the course of this campaign, Netskope Threat Protection detected variations in both zipped JavaScript as well as the final payload that would be delivered once the JavaScript was executed. Changes in JavaScript were limited to varying obfuscation techniques, but there were three variations in final payload over the course of time. The payload’s variations were associated with keyloggers, remote access trojans, and more importantly, ransomware. Some of these samples would disable endpoint antivirus software, leaving the enterprise to rely on a remote scan engine like Netskope Threat Protection.

Consider the example recipient as [email protected], we noticed following variations in attachment names for the targeted emails:

Joey.tribbiani[0-9A-Z]{6,8}_[0-9A-F]{6,8}.zip

Joey.trbbiani_proposal_[0-9A-F]{6}.zip

Pdf_letter-joey.tribbiani_[0-9A-F]{6}.zip

Attack Vector

The attack vector follows the usual infection pattern in which the attached zip file contains an obfuscated JavaScript. We have noticed variations in the wrapper JavaScript indicating that the attackers were attempting multiple ways to circumvent the corporate environment. Netskope Threat Protection detects the attached zip file and obfuscated JavaScript inside as Gen.Downloadrs.B1F4C42E,Gen.Downloadrs.10CC4FE0  and Generic.JS.DownloaderS.B1F4C42E respectively.

Obfuscated JavaScripts

During our investigation, we observed two variations of the obfuscated JavaScript that were delivered as zip attachments to the recipients.

First Variation

Sample Hashes – 5fcaf61df7fb44c984e5c5dcb9d2022a, a3ffac9e74fa99291d4d53ef525ed0fd

Netskope detection: Gen.Downloadrs.B1F4C42,Gen.Downloadrs.10CC4FE0

A simplified version of the obfuscated JavaScript that was delivered inside the zipped attachment is shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2 : Simplified version of the obfuscated wrapper JavaScript.

The above JavaScript creates a Windows script host object to establish connection with the hard-coded url (astralopitec[.]yomu[.]ru) in object named “dingy”. The fetched malware payload is then stored in the %TEMP% directory.

Second Variation

Sample hash – 7340efcb3b352cd228a77782c74943a4